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【泰國】應對變革:針對外國來源收入課稅新政
宋萍 (Aime Pinyapa Somphong) 律師 於2023年9月15日,泰國稅務局頒布了第Por.161/2023號指令(以下簡稱「指令」),該指令自2024年1月1日生效。該指令主要目的是對規範於《泰國稅收法》(以下簡稱「稅法」)第41條第2項的個人所得稅(以下簡稱「個稅」)相關規定為進一步澄清和解釋。 根據稅法第41條規定,在納稅年度(1月1日起至12月31日止)中,在泰國居住滿180天或以上的個人,將被歸類為泰國稅務居民。相關說明可參見以下例子: - A小姐於2024年1月1日至12月31日在泰國居住,總計365天。因此,A小姐符合2024納稅年度的泰國稅務居民資格。 - 另一方面,B小姐在2024年僅於奇數月在泰國逗留,總計184天。在2024納稅年度,B小姐為泰國稅務居民。 - C先生於2024年1月至5月期間在泰國居住,總計150天。在這種情況下,C先生在2024納稅年度並非泰國稅務居民。 先前的稅務規定 當稅務居民從國外的就業、業務或存在於國外的財產中獲得收入(以下簡稱

Editor
Mar 4, 20243 min read


【India】 Recent Updates on India’s Criminal Legislation Overhaul
Mithuna In a groundbreaking move, the Indian Government recently passed three vital bills – the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill, 2023 (“BNS”), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita Bill, 2023 (“BNSS”), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam Bill, 2023 (“BNA”) – replacing outdated legislations. Despite concerns about the absence of 97 suspended Members of Parliament during the session and the lack of comprehensive parliamentary debate, these bills received assent from President Droupadi Mu

Editor
Feb 12, 20242 min read


【India】 India's Labour Law Overhaul: A Look at the Incoming Labour Codes
Vibhasa In 2019, the Ministry of Labour and Employment of India introduced four bills which proposed to combine twenty-nine existing labour laws into four codes, aiming to modernize and simplify labour regulation in India. The four introduced codes were, the Code on Wages, 2019 (the “Code on Wages”); the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 (the “IRC”); the Code on Social Security, 2020 (the “Code on Social Security”); and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Cod

Editor
Jan 17, 20242 min read


【Myanmar】 Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in Myanmar
Ms. Nwe Mon Mon (Nicky) / Ms. Khin Nyein Chan Aye (Ivy) Myanmar has been on the path of establishing a platform for the improvement of Arbitration regime in the country since it’s accession to New York Convention in 2013. The new Myanmar Arbitration Law (“MAL”) was enacted in 2016 abolishing the old Arbitration Act of 1944. This new law incorporates most of the UNICITRAL Model Law and the New York Convention’s Article IV and V regarding the recognition and enforcement of fore

Editor
Jan 17, 20244 min read


【緬甸】外國仲裁判斷在緬甸的執行
Ms. Nwe Mon Mon (Nicky) / Ms. Khin Nyein Chan Aye (Ivy) 自 2013 年加入《紐約公約》以來,緬甸一直致力於建立內國平臺以完善其仲裁制度。新的《緬甸仲裁法》(以下簡稱"MAL")於 2016 年頒佈,廢除了舊的《1944 年仲裁法》。新法採納了《聯合國國際貿易法委員會國際商事仲裁示範法》和《紐約公約》關於承認和執行外國仲裁判斷的第四條和第五條的大部分內容。 執行外國仲裁判斷的要件 根據MAL第 46 條規定,"推定和執行外國仲裁判斷,如同推定和執行法院判決"。在此,地方法院或區域高等法院或國家高等法院具有原始民事管轄權,可以決定作為訴訟標的的仲裁相關問題。至於程序要求,作為第一步,仲裁判斷持有方可向法院聲請執行外國仲裁判斷,並附上以下證據的英文譯本: 判斷書正本或經由仲裁地所在國法律規定的方式正式認證的判斷書副本; 仲裁協議正本或經正式認證的副本; 證明仲裁判斷為外國仲裁判斷所需證據。 實務上,法院使用的官方語言是緬文,所有文件都應翻譯成緬文。 其次,如果法院承認並滿意該仲裁判斷,當事人

Editor
Jan 17, 20243 min read


【Myanmar】 Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in Myanmar
Khin Nyein Chan Aye; Nwe Mon Mon Oo; Edited by Bob Tseng Myanmar has been on the path of establishing a platform for the improvement of arbitration in the country since it’s accession to the New York Convention in 2013. The new Myanmar Arbitration Law (“MAL”) was enacted in 2016 abolishing the old Arbitration Act of 1944. This new law incorporates most of the UNICITRAL Model Law and the New York Convention’s Article IV and V regarding the recognition and enforcement of forei

Editor
Oct 3, 20234 min read


【India】 Incorporating a Wholly Owned Subsidiary in India: A Comprehensive Guide
Author: Rachi Gupta Editor: Bob Tseng Introduction Incorporation of a Wholly Owned Subsidiary ("WOS") in India is a preferred option for many foreign companies intending to expand their business in India. The establishment of a WOS allows a foreign company to access the commercial and business benefits being provided the Indian Government. However, the incorporation of a WOS is a complex legal process involving compliance with various local laws in India. In this note, we

Editor
Oct 3, 20235 min read
![[India] FDI in E-Commerce](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a2719b_6aeeace06c86478abbc2203482344702~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_333,h_250,fp_0.50_0.50,q_30,blur_30,enc_avif,quality_auto/a2719b_6aeeace06c86478abbc2203482344702~mv2.webp)
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[India] FDI in E-Commerce
Author: Sanjana Tripathy Edited by Bob Tseng 100% foreign investment is allowed for e-commerce activities and it is allowed to go...

Editor
Apr 22, 20232 min read
![[India] Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Retail Sector in India](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a2719b_b84f7e6c22c1469c9b452456a2d21dc6~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_333,h_250,fp_0.50_0.50,q_30,blur_30,enc_avif,quality_auto/a2719b_b84f7e6c22c1469c9b452456a2d21dc6~mv2.webp)
![[India] Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Retail Sector in India](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a2719b_b84f7e6c22c1469c9b452456a2d21dc6~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_443,h_333,fp_0.50_0.50,q_90,enc_avif,quality_auto/a2719b_b84f7e6c22c1469c9b452456a2d21dc6~mv2.webp)
[India] Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Retail Sector in India
Author: Sanjana Tripathy Edited by Bob Tseng Foreign companies invest in Multi Brand Retail Trading (“MBRT”) which is the sale of...

Editor
Apr 19, 20232 min read
![[India] Are Foreign Companies Allowed to Buy Land in India?](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a2719b_3becc66b0a124067be9a3e9dd911917b~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_333,h_250,fp_0.50_0.50,q_30,blur_30,enc_avif,quality_auto/a2719b_3becc66b0a124067be9a3e9dd911917b~mv2.webp)
![[India] Are Foreign Companies Allowed to Buy Land in India?](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a2719b_3becc66b0a124067be9a3e9dd911917b~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_443,h_333,fp_0.50_0.50,q_90,enc_avif,quality_auto/a2719b_3becc66b0a124067be9a3e9dd911917b~mv2.webp)
[India] Are Foreign Companies Allowed to Buy Land in India?
Author: Ms. Rachi Gupta Edited by Bob Tseng Foreign companies are allowed to purchase/sell immovable property(other than agricultural...

Editor
Apr 16, 20232 min read


【India】如何在印度成立私人有限公司
作者 Niharika Sinka 審稿 曾勤博律師 曾品方資深顧問 印度法律下的私人有限公司(以下簡稱「公司」)必須有至少兩個股東和最多兩百個股東,以及至少兩名、最多十五名董事,他們為了合法目的而聚集在一起。公司成員的責任有限,這種公司在擴張等方面提供了更大的靈活性。公司成立的要求包括: 註冊辦公室地址:必須在印度擁有一個實際地址,文件可以在該地址合法地送達給公司。 印度公司董事:需要至少两名董事,其中至少一名必须是印度居民。 印度公司股東: - 需要至少兩名股東 - 任何國籍的法人或個人都可以成為印度公司的股東 - 外國人可以持有其印度公司的100%所有權,但需遵守外商直接投資政策指南。 股本:無最低股本要求。 公司注册的基本步骤 1. 公司的發起人應該考慮到公司名稱的可用性和獨特性,決定一個合適且獨特的公司名稱。 2. 公司名稱獲得批准後,申請人可以在60天內提交所需的表格申請註冊新公司。 3. 公司名稱獲得印度公司事務部 (MCA)批准並註冊後,下一步是為公司獲取電子簽名證書 (DSC)。 4.

Editor
Mar 8, 20232 min read
![[印度] 第3號新聞公告與外商直接投資政策分析](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a2719b_78a7ccbe956e46fd91b40250bbd49e72~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_333,h_250,fp_0.50_0.50,q_30,blur_30,enc_avif,quality_auto/a2719b_78a7ccbe956e46fd91b40250bbd49e72~mv2.webp)
![[印度] 第3號新聞公告與外商直接投資政策分析](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a2719b_78a7ccbe956e46fd91b40250bbd49e72~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_443,h_333,fp_0.50_0.50,q_90,enc_avif,quality_auto/a2719b_78a7ccbe956e46fd91b40250bbd49e72~mv2.webp)
[印度] 第3號新聞公告與外商直接投資政策分析
作者 Niharika Sinka 審稿 曾勤博律師 曾品方資深顧問 工業和內部貿易促進部(「DPIIT」)是印度商務和工業部的一個部門。該部門於2020年4月發佈了第3號新聞公告(「PN3」),對2017年《外商直接投資政策》(「FDI Policy」)第3.1.1段進行了修改。根據PN3,來自與印度接壤的國家的實體進行的任何外國投資,或者投資印度的受益所有人位於或是該國公民,都只能通過政府途徑(需事前審批)進行。此外,該修改還關注了任何現有或未來在印度實體中進行的外商直接投資的所有權轉讓,直接或間接地導致受益所有權落入上述限制範圍內。這種受益所有權的後續變更也需要政府批准。 這項修正案禁止在未經政府事先批准的情況下,由在與印度接壤的七個國家註冊的實體直接或間接投資印度。這種批准將適用於所有行業,包括那些本來屬於自動途徑(無需事前審批)的行業,無論外國直接投資的金額大小。 在實施PN3之前,任何非居民投資者/實體都可以根據外國直接投資政策投資印度,只有在孟加拉國或巴基斯坦註冊的公民/實體在進行任何投資之前需要獲得政府的事先批准。..

Editor
Mar 8, 20233 min read
![[Thailand] BOI Investment Scheme of Thailand](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a2719b_e0d784616e8c4d069e4eb4cb787e615c~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_333,h_250,fp_0.50_0.50,q_35,blur_30,enc_avif,quality_auto/a2719b_e0d784616e8c4d069e4eb4cb787e615c~mv2.webp)
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[Thailand] BOI Investment Scheme of Thailand
Nwe Mon Mon Oo The Government Agency responsible for facilitating Investments in Thailand is the Board of Investment of Thailand (the...

Editor
Jan 6, 20233 min read
![[India] INCORPORATION OF A PRIVATE LIMITED COMPANY IN INDIA](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a2719b_973b5a21202845f19639d384e956827e~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_333,h_250,fp_0.50_0.50,q_30,blur_30,enc_avif,quality_auto/a2719b_973b5a21202845f19639d384e956827e~mv2.webp)
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[India] INCORPORATION OF A PRIVATE LIMITED COMPANY IN INDIA
Niharika Sinha A private limited company (the “Company”) under the Indian jurisprudence is a type of company that must be an association...

Niharika Sinha
Jan 3, 20232 min read
![[Myanmar] Being a Notary Public in Myanmar](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a2719b_a71397a2ee3a46d5b015453892aa67ad~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_333,h_250,fp_0.50_0.50,q_30,blur_30,enc_avif,quality_auto/a2719b_a71397a2ee3a46d5b015453892aa67ad~mv2.webp)
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[Myanmar] Being a Notary Public in Myanmar
Hnin Thiri Aung The act of notarization originates from Ancient Roman Republic when public officials of the Senate and courts, recorded...

Editor
Jan 2, 20233 min read
![[India] ANALYSING PRESS NOTE 3 (FDI POLICY)](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a2719b_6a5c83c0260d4672aa5abb144b39aebc~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_333,h_250,fp_0.50_0.50,q_35,blur_30,enc_avif,quality_auto/a2719b_6a5c83c0260d4672aa5abb144b39aebc~mv2.webp)
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[India] ANALYSING PRESS NOTE 3 (FDI POLICY)
Niharika Sinha The Department of Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India...

Niharika Sinha
Dec 30, 20223 min read
![[Myanmar] Who can be a liquidator under the Insolvency Law 2020?](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a2719b_0d5d516995494730966a498b04432c72~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_333,h_250,fp_0.50_0.50,q_30,blur_30,enc_avif,quality_auto/a2719b_0d5d516995494730966a498b04432c72~mv2.webp)
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[Myanmar] Who can be a liquidator under the Insolvency Law 2020?
Kyi Phyu Pwint Oo (Katrina) When a company decides to wind up its business, the conduct of the winding-up is placed in the hands of a...

Editor
Dec 24, 20223 min read
![[印尼] 印尼投資環境與法規](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a2719b_bac54cd26b5f46f3b8f9cb67318b780e~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_333,h_250,fp_0.50_0.50,q_35,blur_30,enc_avif,quality_auto/a2719b_bac54cd26b5f46f3b8f9cb67318b780e~mv2.webp)
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[印尼] 印尼投資環境與法規
李佩蓉博士 (Dr. Pei-Jung Li) 印尼為民主憲政國家,採總統制並落實中央地方分權,其法律制度主要繼受荷蘭殖民時期法律,而習俗法( Hukum Adat )及伊斯蘭律法,在特定範圍內也仍有適用空間,從而構成複雜且多元的法律制度。 印尼作為東南亞最大經濟體,擁有豐富海洋與土地資源,並具備人口紅利及龐大內需市場等優勢,形成良好投資環境。而為吸引外資,印尼於2020年11月2日通過2020年第11號法,亦即《創造就業法》( Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja )。《創造就業法》所帶來的重要影響,包括全方位改善印尼投資與經商環境、解決法規繁複及衝突之問題,同時簡化複雜的許可制度。而在《創造就業法》通過之後,印尼於2021年將「投資負面表列清單」修正為「投資正面表列清單」,大幅縮減不開放投資產業,使更多產業得以列為開放投資產業。 外資進入印尼,除應注意《創造就業法》對個別法令所為修正外,公司設立事宜應參見2007年第40號法(主管機關為法律與人權部),投資事宜則應參見2007年第25號法(主管機關為投資協調委員會)。外資得在印

Editor
Dec 20, 20222 min read
![[Myanmar] Voluntary Winding up under Myanmar's Insolvency Law 2020](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a2719b_b3d2f1e2a7e04e438cfe1a228dd25c72~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_333,h_250,fp_0.50_0.50,q_30,blur_30,enc_avif,quality_auto/a2719b_b3d2f1e2a7e04e438cfe1a228dd25c72~mv2.webp)
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[Myanmar] Voluntary Winding up under Myanmar's Insolvency Law 2020
Ms. Kyi Phyu Pwint Oo On 14 February 2020, the Pyihtaungsu Hluttaw has enacted the Insolvency Law 2020 (“IL”) which officially came into...

Editor
Dec 13, 20224 min read
![[緬甸] 緬甸公司設立完整指南:流程、費用與法律重點解析](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a2719b_da568169807345da9efa0c8e97081717~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_333,h_250,fp_0.50_0.50,q_35,blur_30,enc_avif,quality_auto/a2719b_da568169807345da9efa0c8e97081717~mv2.webp)
![[緬甸] 緬甸公司設立完整指南:流程、費用與法律重點解析](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a2719b_da568169807345da9efa0c8e97081717~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_443,h_333,fp_0.50_0.50,q_95,enc_avif,quality_auto/a2719b_da568169807345da9efa0c8e97081717~mv2.webp)
[緬甸] 緬甸公司設立完整指南:流程、費用與法律重點解析
曾勤博律師 (Bob Tseng) 到緬甸投資的第一步是設立一般的私人有限公司,即向「投資及工商行政局」 (Directorate of Investment and Company Administration, DICA) 轄下的「公司登記處」(Companies Registration Office, CRO) ,根據2018年8月1日生效施行的「緬甸公司法」(the Myanmar Companies Law, 2017)辦理公司註冊登記(以下稱之為「私人有限公司」)。 除法律有特別限制之規定外(尤其是關於外資准入之限制),公司註冊登記後便能開展營運,開立公司銀行帳戶,並得以公司名義簽發簽證邀請信。 「私人有限公司」沒有最低資本金限制,並且允許一人股東、一人董事即可成立。此外,「私人有限公司」應該緬甸境內有註冊地址,董事中至少一人須為「居民董事」,即緬甸公民或自公司註冊起一年中在緬甸住超過183天之外國人。除法律另有規定外,「私人有限公司」也沒有營業範圍的限制,但於每年的年度申報時,需揭露申報營運項目。 公司法還創設「小型公司」的概

Editor
Oct 23, 20222 min read
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