Tracy Zheng

Tracy Zheng & Ditipriya Dutta Chowdhury Background As discussed in Part I of this newsletter, the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (“GST”) transformed India’s domestic indirect tax framework by consolidating multiple central and state levies into a unified system. However, the movement of goods across India’s borders continues to be governed by a distinct customs framework. Customs duty is a key component of India’s indirect tax regime. Beyond revenue generation, it serves as an...

Tracy Zheng This article decodes India’s core indirect tax—the Goods and Services Tax (GST), covering its dual administration framework, the GST 2.0 rate reform in September 2025, the Input Tax Credit (ITC) mechanism, GST registration and compliance requirements, as well as preferential policies for small businesses, tax treatment of imports and exports, practical challenges and penalties. As a destination-based tax system, India’s GST has unified the previously fragmented indirect taxes,...